Through a Smoother Lens: An expected absence of LCDM substructure detections from hydrodynamic and dark matter only simulations

A fundamental prediction of the cold dark matter cosmology is the existence of a large number of dark subhalos around galaxies, most of which should be entirely devoid of stars. Confirming the existence of dark substructures stands among the most important empirical challenges in modern cosmology: if they are found and quantified with the mass spectrum expected, then this would close the door on a vast array of competing theories. But in order for observational programs of this kind to reach fruition, we need robust predictions. Here we explore substructure predictions for lensing using galaxy lens-like hosts at z=0.2 from the Illustris simulations both in full hydrodynamics and dark matter only. We quantify substructures more massive than ~ 10^9 M_sun, comparable to current lensing detections derived from HST, Keck, and ALMA. The addition of full hydrodynamics reduces the overall subhalo mass function by about a factor of two. Even for the dark matter only runs, most (~ 85%) lines of sight through projected cylinders of size close to an Einstein radius contain no substructures larger than 10^9 M_sun. The fraction of empty sight lines rises to ~ 95% in full physics simulations. This suggests we will likely need hundreds of strong lensing systems suitable for substructure studies, as well as predictions that include the effects of baryon physics on substructure, to properly constrain cosmological models. Fortunately, the field is poised to fulfill these requirements.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure

Gold catalyzed multicomponent reactions beyond A3 coupling

The preparation of complex architectures has inspired the search for new methods and new processes in organic synthesis. Multicomponent reactions have become an interesting approach to achieve such molecular diversity and complexity. This review intends to illustrate important gold-catalyzed examples for the past ten years leading to interesting skeletons involved in biologically active compounds

The combination of halogen and hydrogen bonding: a versatile tool in coordination chemistry

4-Iodo-N-(4-pyridyl)benzamide (INPBA) and four derived coordination complexes were synthesized in order to explore the combination of halogen and hydrogen bonding interactions in coordination chemistry. An electron-withdrawing carbonyl group attached to the aromatic ring bearing an iodine atom has been introduced to increase its halogen bonding ability. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses ofINPBA, [Ag(INPBA)2]NO3(1), [ZnBr2(INPBA)2](2), [Zn(OCOPh)2(INPBA)2](3) and[HgI2(INPBA)]n(4) show the versatility of theINPBAbuilding block yielding a variety of different interesting structures. Iodine atom arrangement plays a key role by reinforcing and extending crystalline structures into diverse 3D supramolecular networksviaI¿O, I¿N, and I¿I halogen bonding interactions. Besides this, the overall supramolecular architecture of the coordination complexes is modulated by the N-H¿O, N-H¿Br, and C-H¿O hydrogen bonds formed by the carboxamide group. The combination of both, halogen and hydrogen bonds, allows very different coordination networks to be designed